Fascinating and instantly recognizable, flatfishes are unique in their asymmetric postlarval body form. With over 800 extant species recognized and a distribution stretching around the globe, these fishes are of considerable research interest and provide a major contribution to commercial and recreational fisheries worldwide. This second edition of Flatfishes: Biology and Exploitation has been completely revised, updated and enlarged to respond to the ever-growing body of research. It provides: * Overviews of systematics, distribution, life history strategies, reproduction, recruitment, ecology and behaviour * Descriptions of the major fisheries and their management * An assessment of the synergies between ecological and aquaculture research of flatfishes. Carefully compiled and edited by four internationally-known scientists and with chapters written by many world leaders in the field, this excellent new edition of a very popular and successful book is essential reading for fish biologists, fisheries scientists, marine biologists, aquaculture personnel, ecologists, environmental scientists, and government workers in fisheries and fish and wildlife departments. Flatfishes: Biology and Exploitation, Second Edition, should be found in all libraries of research establishments and universities where life sciences, fish biology, fisheries, aquaculture, marine sciences, oceanography, ecology and environmental sciences are studied and taught. Reviews of the First Edition * A solid, up-to-date book that advanced students and research scientists with interests in fish biology will find interesting and useful. Aquaculture International * A data-rich book that outlines much of what you might ever want to know about flatfishes. Fish & Fisheries * Well presented with clear illustrations and a valuable source of information for those with a general interest in fish ecology or for the more specialist reader. You should make sure that your library has a copy. J Fish Biology * An excellent and very practical overview of the whole, global flatfish scene. Anyone interested in flatfish at whichever stage of the economic food chain should invest in a copy immediately. Ausmarine * Because of the high quality of each chapter, written by international experts, it is a valuable reference. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries
Autorentext
Robin N. Gibson is an Honorary Research Fellow of the Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Scotland. His lifetime research interests have been in the ecology and behaviour of intertidal and shallow water marine fishes.
Richard D.M. Nash is a senior research scientist at the Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway. His research is mainly concerned with recruitment processes and the early life history dynamics of marine fishes. He has particular research interests in the dynamics of nursery grounds.
Audrey J. Geffen is a professor in the Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Norway. Her research is primarily concerned with fish growth in natural and culture environments. A significant aspect of her work involves theoretical and applied research on the growth and formation of fish otoliths, analysing the structure and composition as a record of life history.
Henk W. van der Veer is a senior scientist at the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, The Netherlands. His main research topics are related to fish recruitment, concentrating on flatfishes and the functioning of coastal nursery areas. His work is strongly focussed on field observations supported by and embedded in ecological theory, especially the Dynamic Energy Budget theory.
Inhalt
List of contributors xv
Series editor's foreword xxi
Preface to the second edition xxv
Preface to the first edition xxvii
Acknowledgements xxix
1 Introduction 1
Robin N. Gibson
1.1 The fascination of flatfishes 1
1.2 A brief history of flatfish research and its contribution to fish biology and fisheries science 3
1.3 Scope and contents of the book 4
1.4 Nomenclature 9
Acknowledgements 10
References 10
2 Systematic diversity of the Pleuronectiformes 13
Thomas A. Munroe
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 Systematic profile of the Pleuronectiformes 18
2.3 Intrarelationships of the Pleuronectiformes 19
2.4 Brief synopses of the suborders and families 22
2.5 Diversity of the Pleuronectiformes 26
2.5.1 Overview 26
2.5.2 Flatfish species diversity 27
2.5.3 Diversity of species within families 28
2.5.4 Standing diversity estimate for species of Pleuronectiformes 29
2.5.5 Relative diversity of the Pleuronectiformes 31
2.6 Patterns of species discovery among pleuronectiform families 32
2.6.1 History 32
2.6.2 Factors contributing to new species discovery among the Pleuronectiformes 35
2.6.2.1 Systematic activities 35
2.6.2.2 Geographic region 37
2.6.2.3 Depth 39
2.6.2.4 Size 40
2.7 Conclusions 42
Acknowledgements 44
References 44
3 Distributions and biogeography 52
Thomas A. Munroe
3.1 Introduction 52
3.2 Geographic distribution of pleuronectiform lineages 56
3.3 Global patterns of species richness for the Pleuronectiformes 61
3.3.1 Latitudinal gradients in species richness 61
3.3.2 Tropical and subtropical regions 61
3.3.3 Temperate regions 62
3.3.4 Species richness on continental shelves 63
3.3.5 Insular versus continental regions 64
3.3.6 Continental versus oceanic islands 66
3.4 Species richness in specific environments 66
3.4.1 Freshwater environments 66
3.4.2 Antarctic Ocean 67
3.4.3 Arctic Ocean 68
3.4.4 Shallow-water versus deep-sea habitats 69
3.5 Historical biogeography 71
3.5.1 Pleuronectidae 71
3.5.2 Achiridae 72
3.5.3 Paralichthyidae 72
3.5.4 New World tropical flatfishes 73
3.5.5 Indo-west Pacific region 73
Acknowledgements 76
References 76
4 Life-history traits in flatfishes 83
Catarina Vinagre and Henrique N. Cabral
4.1 Introduction 83
4.2 Diversity in life-history traits of flatfishes 85
4.3 Variation according to geographical area, habitat use patterns and functional guilds 86
4.4 Intraspecies variability 89
4.4.1 Phenotypic plasticity, local adaptation, cogradient variation and parental effects 93
4.5 Anthropogenic impacts on life-history traits 94
4.6 Future directions 95
References 96
5 Ecology of reproduction 101
Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp, Cindy J.G. van Damme and Peter R. Witthames
5.1 Introduction 101
5.2 Spawning 102
5.2.1 Spawning behaviour 102
5.2.2 Spawning mode 102
5.2.3 Egg size 102
5.2.4 Spawning season 103
5.2.5 Duration of spawning 106
5.3 Gonad development 106
5.3.1 Testis 106
5.3.2 Ovary 107
5.3.3 Fecundity 110
5.3.4 Geographical pattern in fecundity 112
5.3.5 Batch spawning 113
5.3.6 Egg and sperm quality: maternal and paternal effects 113
5.4 Age and size at first maturation 114
5.5 Energetics 115
5.5.1 Energetics of reproduction and growth 115
5.5.2 Nonannual spawning 117
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