A complete introduction tocar-to-X communications networking

Automotive Inter-networking will introduce a range of new network and system technologies for vehicle safety, entertainment and comfort systems currently being researched and developed. C2X networking is not only a matter of technology, but is also very closely related to policy-making about deployment. This book will provide the background on technical developments but will also discuss the potential benefits, costs and risks. Also discussed will be concepts related to application of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication technologies for various purposes such as automobile safety enhancement, vehicle user applications for comfort and convenience and efficiency along with other potential commercial applications.

Application domains will build the starting point for an analysis of the requirements on suitable mobile network technology and the book will look at how well existing and new systems match these requirements. New automotive-specific technologies are presented in detail, explaining millimeter wave short range systems and special automotive network protocols. Specially designed system services and security mechanisms are introduced and system architecture, radio spectrum use, medium access control, network protocols and security concepts and considered.  Finally, the book will present the current world-wide standardization activities, deployment strategies and an outlook about the evolvement of inter-vehicle communications in the next decades.

• Presents a comprehensive top-down approach to the newly evolving car-to-X communications networking
• Provides a broad overview of all relevant C2X communication topics
• Written by well known experts in the field
• Predicts the outlook of the evolvement of inter-vehicle communications in the next decades
• Includes illustrations and high-level technical sketches of application domains and photographs, 3D renderings and professional graphical sketches of current prototypes

Dr Timo Kosch, Team Manager, BMW Group Research and Technology, Germany Timo Kosch works as a team manager for BMW Group Research and Technology where he is responsible for projects on distributed systems, including such topics as cooperative systems for active safety and automotive IT security. He has been active in a number of national and international research programs and serves as coordinator for the European project COMeSafety, co-financed by the European Commission. He's also heading the system development for the German national Car2X field test. For more than 3 years, until recently, he had chaired the working group Architecture and was a member of the Technical Committee of the Car-to-Car Communication Consortium. He regularly presents at conferences and has written papers and journal articles and is currently the editor of IEEE Communications Magazine: Automotive Networking Series.

Markus Strassberger, BMW Group Research and Technology, Munich, Germany

Christoph Schroth, St. Gallen University / SAP Research, Switzerland PhD student at the University of St. Gallen and Research Associate at the SAP Research CEC St. Gallen, Sitzerland. He has presented a number of papers at conferences and co-authored numerous journal articles.

This book introduces a range of new network and system technologies for vehicle safety, entertainment and comfort systems currently being researched and developed. In addition, the authors provide an insight into the background of technical developments, discussing the potential benefits, costs and risks. Furthermore, the book discusses the concepts related to the application of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications, offering in-depth explanations of the new applications, network and system technologies, which are valuable for the engineer developing such systems and the research expert alike.

The book covers all aspects from distributed information handling, situation assessment, security, privacy, system management up to algorithms for driver assistance and vehicle control systems. Beyond technology, the book also addresses economic, organisational and political challenges. Often overlooked, their influence on the success of automotive internetworking is just as important.

Key Features:

• Presents a comprehensive top-down approach to the newly evolving car-to-X communications networking
• Provides a broad overview of all relevant C2X communication topics
• Written by well known experts in the field
• Predicts the outlook of the evolvement of inter-vehicle communications in the next decades
• Includes illustrations and high-level technical sketches of application domains and photographs, 3D renderings and professional graphical sketches of current prototypes

Preface xi

List of Abbreviations xiii

1 Automotive Internetworking: The Evolution Towards Connected and Cooperative Vehicles 1

1.1 Evolution of In-Vehicle Electronics 1

1.2 Motivation for Connected Vehicles 4

1.3 Terminology 7

1.4 Stakeholders 10

1.5 Outline of this Book 10

References 12

2 Application Classifications and Requirements 13

2.1 Classification of Applications and their Implications 14

2.1.1 Driving-Related Applications 15

2.1.2 Vehicle-Related Applications 19

2.1.3 Passenger-Related Applications 22

2.2 Requirements and Overall System Properties 25

2.3 Overview on Suitable Communication Technologies 28

2.3.1 Communication Technologies 28

2.3.2 Suitability for AutoNet Applications 31

2.4 Summary 34

References 34

3 System Architecture 37

3.1 Domain View of AutoNets 37

3.2 ISO/OSI Reference Model View 40

3.3 Profiling 42

3.4 Standardised Architectures 43

3.4.1 Architecture of the C2C Communication Consortium (C2C-CC) 44

3.4.2 ISO TC204 CALM Architecture 45

3.4.3 ETSI TC ITS Architecture: EN 302 655 47

3.4.4 IEEE WAVE Architecture Featuring IEEE802.11p and IEEE1609.x Standards 49

3.5 Subsystem Architectures 50

3.5.1 Vehicle Architecture 51

3.5.2 Roadside Architecture 55

3.5.3 Infrastructure Architecture 56

3.5.4 Mobile Device Architecture 61

3.6 Summary 62

References 63

4 Applications: Functionality and Protocols 65

4.1 Foresighted Safety Case Study: Environmental Notifications 67

4.1.1 Data Collection and Individual Situation Analysis 68

4.1.2 Cooperative Situation Analysis 71

4.1.3 Distributed Knowledge Management 73

4.1.4 Individual Relevance and Interface to the Driver 75

4.1.5 Data Security and Privacy 77

4.1.6 Reliable Estimation of the Current Driving Condition 78

4.1.7 Communication and Information Dissemination 79

4.1.8 Standardisation Issues 80

4.2 Active Safety Case Study: Cooperative Collision Avoidance and Intersection Assistance 81

4.2.1 Data Collection 82

4.2.2 Situation Analysis and Application Logic 83

4.2.3 Knowledge Management 88

4.2.4 Communication 90

4.2.5 Security and Privacy 93

4.2.6 Driver Interaction 95

4.3 Green Driving Case Study: Traffic Lights Assistance 98

4.3.1 Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory 99

4.3.2 Example: TRAVOLUTION 107

4.4 Business and Convenience Case Study: Insurance and Financial Services 107

4.4.1 Accident Management Services 108

4.4.2 Examples for Insurance and Financial Services (IFS) …