Trade magazines and review articles describe MWD in casual terms, e.g., positive versus negative pulsers, continuous wave systems, drilling channel noise and attenuation, in very simple terms absent of technical rigor. However, few truly scientific discussions are available on existing methods, let alone the advances necessary for high-data-rate telemetry. Without a strong foundation building on solid acoustic principles, rigorous mathematics, and of course, fast, inexpensive and efficient testing of mechanical designs, low data rates will impose unacceptable quality issues to real-time formation evaluation for years to come. This all-new revised second edition of an instant classic promises to change all of this. The lead author and M.I.T.-educated scientist, Wilson Chin, has written the only book available that develops mud pulse telemetry from first principles, adapting sound acoustic principles to rigorous signal processing and efficient wind tunnel testing. In fact, the methods and telemetry principles developed in the book were recently adopted by one of the world's largest industrial corporations in its mission to redefine the face of MWD. The entire engineering history for continuous wave telemetry is covered: anecdotal stories and their fallacies, original hardware problems and their solutions, different noise mechanisms and their signal processing solutions, apparent paradoxes encountered in field tests and simple explanations to complicated questions, and so on, are discussed in complete "tell all" detail for students, research professors and professional engineers alike. These include signal processing algorithms, signal enhancement methods, and highly efficient "short" and "long wind tunnel" test methods, whose results can be dynamically re-scaled to real muds flowing at any speed. A must read for all petroleum engineering professionals!

Wilson Chin earned his Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his M.Sc. at the California Institute of Technology, majoring in aerospace engineering and wave propagation before refocusing his interests toward petroleum exploration. His work in fluid mechanics, electromagnetics, formation testing and reservoir characterization is well known, forming the basis for twenty research monographs, about one hundred papers and fifty domestic and international patents. Wilson's current interests address high speed mud pulse telemetry in Measurement While Drilling (MWD) applications.

Klappentext

The only book explaining modern measurement while drilling (MWD) technology, including hardware design, signal processing and telemetry and offering unique approaches to high-data-rate well logging, novel methods, experiments, and prototype tools.

Trade magazines and review articles describe MWD in casual terms, e.g., positive versus negative pulsers, continuous wave systems, drilling channel noise and attenuation, in very simple terms absent of technical rigor. However, few truly scientific discussions are available on existing methods, let alone the advances necessary for high-data-rate telemetry. Without a strong foundation building on solid acoustic principles, rigorous mathematics, and of course, fast, inexpensive and efficient testing of mechanical designs, low data rates will impose unacceptable quality issues to real-time formation evaluation for years to come.

This all-new revised second edition of an instant classic promises to change all of this. The lead author and M.I.T.-educated scientist, Wilson Chin, has written the only book available that develops mud pulse telemetry from first principles, adapting sound acoustic principles to rigorous signal processing and efficient wind tunnel testing. In fact, the methods and telemetry principles developed in the book were recently adopted by one of the world's largest industrial corporations in its mission to redefine the face of MWD.

The entire engineering history for continuous wave telemetry is covered: anecdotal stories and their fallacies, original hardware problems and their solutions, different noise mechanisms and their signal processing solutions, apparent paradoxes encountered in field tests and simple explanations to complicated questions, and so on, are discussed in complete "tell all" detail for students, research professors and professional engineers alike. These include signal processing algorithms, signal enhancement methods, and highly efficient "short" and "long wind tunnel" test methods, whose results can be dynamically re-scaled to real muds flowing at any speed. A must read for all petroleum engineering professionals!

This all-new revised edition:

• Is the first and only publication that explains MWD mud pulse technology clearly using scientific principles
• Includes ideas showing limitations of present systems and how they can be overcome
• Explains innovative methods for signal enhancements needed for very deep wells, such as constructive wave interference, "sirens in series," special adaptations of frequency-shift-keying, and others
• Gives a blueprint for high-data-rate mud pulse telemetry adopted by several of world's top energy corporations, explained in simple-to-understand terms, from first principles and rigorous physics to advanced mathematical concepts for signal processing, noise removal and echo cancellation
• And finally, offers, from Wilson Chin, the originator of wind tunnel modeling for downhole applications, new wind "short" and "long" tunnel designs and test methodologies for mud sirens and turbines are offered all the technology you'll ever need between two covers!

Preface xv

Acknowledgements xix

1 Stories from the Field, Fundamental Questions and Solutions 1

1.1 Mysteries, Clues and Possibilities 1

1.2 Paper No. AADE-11-NTCE 74, High-Data-Rate MWD System for Very Deep Wells significantly expanded with additional photographs and detailed annotations 11

1.2.1 Abstract 11

1.2.2 Introduction 11

1.2.3 MWD telemetry basics 13

1.2.4 New telemetry approach 14

1.2.5 New technology elements 16

1.2.5.1 Downhole source and signal optimization 16

1.2.5.2 Surface signal processing and noise removal 19

1.2.5.3 Pressure, torque and erosion computer modeling 20

1.2.5.4 Wind tunnel analysis: studying new approaches 23

1.2.5.5 Example test results 42

1.2.6 Conclusions 45

1.2.7 Acknowledgements 46

1.2.8 Credits 46

1.2.9 Paper references 47

1.3 References 48

2 Harmonic Analysis: Six-Segment Downhole Acoustic Waveguide 49

2.1 MWD Fundamentals 50

2.2 MWD Telemetry Concepts Re-examined 51

2.2.1 Conventional pulser ideas explained 51

2.2.2 Acoustics at higher data rates 52

2.2.3 High-data-rate continuous wave telemetry 54

2.2.4 Drillbit as a reflector 55

2.2.5 Source modeling subtleties and errors 56

2.2.6 Flowloop and field test subtleties 58

2.2.7 Wind tunnel testing comments 60

2.3 Downhole Wave Propagation Subtleties 60

2.3.1 Three distinct physical problems 61

2.3.2 Downhole source problem 62

2.4 Six-Segment Downhole Waveguide Model 64

2.4.1 Nomenclature 66

2.4.2 Mathematical formulation 68

2.5 An Example: Optimizing Pulser Signal Strength 79

2.5.1 Problem definition and results 79

2.5.2 User interface 82

2.5.3 Constructive interference at high frequencies 83

2.6 Additional Engineering Conclusions 85

2.7 References 87

3 Harmonic Analysis: Elementary Pipe and Collar Models 88

3.1 Constant area drillpipe wave models 88

3.1.1 Case (a), infinite system, both directions 89

3.1.2 Case (b), drillbit as a solid reflector 90